Effect of Induced Autotetraploidy on Response to Sclerotinia Clover Rot in Trifolium pratense L.

The effect of induced autotetraploidy on the response of red clover to Sclerotinia clover rot (SCR) was studied under laboratory, glasshouse and field conditions. To assess the response in the laboratory, the detached leaf technique was employed, whereas in the glasshouse and in the field, 6—14 weeks old seedlings and adult plants, respectively, were artificially inoculated with the pathogen grain inoculum. The results of the studies showed that great genotypic variability occurs within diploid (2×)and tetraploid (4×)red clover in response to that disease. Generally, tetraploid red clover, in comparison to diploid, is more resistant to SCR. The laboratory, glasshouse and field experiments showed that the effect of induced autotetraploidy on SCR resistance is positive. The hardening of plant with light and temperature enlarged the differences in reponse to SCR between ploidy levels, family pairs and individual strains with every testing method. Other factors, like plant age and flowering time, influencing red clover response to SCR are also discussed.     

Optimal allocation of resources in evaluating current sunflower inbred lines for resistance to Sclerotinia

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is a major limiting factor for sunflower (Helianthus annuus) production. This study was conducted to (1) evaluate a large number of current sunflower lines for their reaction to Sclerotinia, and (2) determine the optimum allocation of resources for their selection. A set of 85 inbred lines was screened under artificial leaf infection in three environments. The test revealed ample variation for all resistance traits in the current germplasm. A line selected from NDBLOS, an oilseed sunflower germplasm poo, and its derivatives were most resistant to Sclerotinia. Lines derived from interspecific crosses with the wild species Helianthus tuberosus and Helianthus argophyllus also showed satisfactory Sclerotinia resistance. The evaluation of five plants per plot in two replications and four environments appears to be a reasonable allocation of resources in order to optimize the selection response.     

Artificial inoculation and susceptibility of Pinus armandii to Dothistroma septosporum

Dothistroma needle blight (DNB) is a serious needle disease of conifers that primarily affects pine species (Pinus spp.). Dothistroma septosporum is one of the DNB pathogens that has a diverse range of host species excluding Pinus armandii. In 15 inoculated P. armandii seedlings, D. septosporum acervuli were observed in 43 infected needles of ten seedlings with a mean disease severity of 1.11% at 25 weeks after inoculations, demonstrating the potential of D. septosporum to cause symptoms on the needles of P. armandii via artificial inoculation. The disease severity of P. armandii was similar to the positive control, Pinus nigra (median 0.75 for P. armandii to 0.70 for P. nigra), thus, P. armandii acts under artificial conditions as a susceptible host species.     

铁皮石斛人工繁育技术

以铁皮石斛商品瓶苗和盆栽苗茎段为试材,添加不同浓度6-BA、NAA,诱导茎段腋芽、原球茎和不定根,建立再生体系,快速繁殖铁皮石斛组培苗,以期为秦岭淮河一线以北地区人工繁殖铁皮石斛提供参考依据。结果表明:外植体宜采用70%酒精浸泡20 s,0.1%升汞浸泡8 min消毒;MS+6-BA 3.0~5.0 mg·L^-1+NAA 0.1~1.0 mg·L^-1适合腋芽分化和增殖,分化率92%~100%;1/2MS+6-BA 2.0 mg·L^-1+NAA 0.5 mg·L^-1+土豆泥15%适合原球茎诱导增殖,增殖倍数7.7;1/2MS+NAA 0.3 mg·L^-1生根率为100%;以松针土移栽,成活率83%。     

水稻灌溉效益分摊系数试验研究

通过试验方法，选择不同的降雨年型，系统地分析了淠史杭灌区不同降雨年型的灌溉增产率，灌溉效益扮摊系数；找出了水稻灌溉效益分摊系数与水稻生育期降雨量，灌水量之间的经验公式，对本地区及气候条件相似地区具有一定的参考价值。     

西藏山南地区栽培草地的现状与发展

西藏山南地区地处西藏腹地,农牧业交错,宽阔、平缓的河谷农田灌溉便利、土质肥沃,是西藏的粮食主产区,也是西藏栽培草地建设的主要地区.西藏20世纪70年代开始发展栽培草地,2009年栽培草地面积3.3万hm2,其中山南地区种草8 400 hm2,占全区种草总面积的25.5%.为提高冬季饲草储量,近年来,通过调整种植结构、种...     

设施园艺技术发展动向

概述了人工光源调节生育、空气流动促进光合成、电解阳极水防治病害、喷雾降温、土壤营养液栽培和新覆盖材料等6项设施园艺技术的发展动向。     

人工塑石假山在现代园林中的应用

对当前塑石假山工程现状及存在的问题进行了分析,并结合塑石假山的特点提出了若干建议,以期为创造精品塑石假山景观提供更好的借鉴。     

桦褐孔菌不同生长时期胞外酶活性变化

以桦褐孔菌(Inonotus obliquus)菌株JL01为试验材料,研究其在代料栽培期间9种胞外酶活性的变化规律.结果表明,羧甲基纤维素酶、滤纸纤维素酶和半纤维素酶活性在菌丝生长阶段较低,菌核形成及菌核成熟阶段较高;漆酶、愈创术酚氧化酶、邻苯二酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶活性在菌丝生长阶段高于菌核形成阶段;蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性在菌丝生长时期及菌核成熟时期相对较高.     

小蚕颗粒人工饲料育实用化探讨

本文就小蚕颗粒人工饲料育问题,探讨了颗粒饲料育小蚕质量的评价指标,分析了小蚕人工饲料育的优势及推广应用前景,介绍了近几年小蚕颗粒人工饲料育生产技术应用和示范情况,提出了今后在实用化中需要进一步研发的方向。